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1.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 44(2): 123-126, mar.-abr. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-203753

RESUMO

Las complicaciones respiratorias son una de las causas de hospitalización más frecuente, e incluso de muerte, en pacientes con enfermedad neuromuscular. El seguimiento multidisciplinar tiene efectos positivos sobre la supervivencia y la calidad de vida en estos pacientes. Este caso supuso un reto terapéutico para el manejo de secreciones bronquiales, por ser un paciente con Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica no colaborador y que rechazaba las medidas invasivas. Tras un primer intento fallido de adaptación al sistema mecánico de tos convencional, se modificó la interfase usando una boquilla de tipo buzo invertida, introducida entre los dientes durante la aplicación del equipo con mascarilla nasobucal. Se consiguieron muestras de esputo, lo que nos permitió tratar las infecciones respiratorias con el antibiótico específico. Además, el seguimiento se realizó por videollamada, sin necesidad de desplazar al paciente hasta el hospital. El equipo multidisciplinar se adaptó a las necesidades del paciente tratando de forma novedosa y eficaz las infecciones respiratorias. Además, el uso de nuevas tecnologías evitó ingresos hospitalarios, a pesar de ser un paciente gran dependiente.(AU)


Respiratory complications are one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization and even death in patients with neuromuscular diseases. Multidisciplinary follow-up has been shown to have positive effects on survival and quality of life in these patients. The present case represented a therapeutic challenge in order to manage respiratory secretions in a non-collaborate Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patient due to the negative to accept invasive strategies to cope with respiratory infections. Despite a first failed approach in the adaptation to a mechanical assisted cough device, then a modification in the interfase allowed to mobilize secretions and it was also possible to analyze them and use the correct antibiotic treatment. Moreover, a remotely follow-up was done to handle situations, like respiratory tract infections, whenever possible, without requesting the patient to move to the hospital. The multidisciplinary unit team adapted to his needs offering a newest and efficacy strategy to cope with respiratory infections. Indeed, the use of new technologies avoided in a high dependent patient to require hospitalizations.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral , Secreções Corporais , Tratamento Conservador , Transtornos Respiratórios
2.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(1): 16-29, feb.-mar. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-205305

RESUMO

Lower respiratory tract infections, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations (COPD-E) and community acquired pneumonia (CAP), are one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in primary care and hospital emergency departments, and are the cause of a high prescription of antimicrobial agents. The selection of the most appropriate oral antibiotic treatment is based on different aspects and includes to first consider a bacterial aetiology and not a viral infection, to know the bacterial pathogen that most frequently cause these infections and the frequency of their local antimicrobial resistance. Treatment should also be prescribed quickly and antibiotics should be selected among those with a quicker mode of action, achieving the greatest effect in the shortest time and with the fewest adverse effects (toxicity, interactions, resistance and/or ecological impact). Whenever possible, antimicrobials should be rotated and diversified and switched to the oral route as soon as possible. With these premises, the oral treatment guidelines for mild or moderate COPD-E and CAP in Spain include as first options betalactam antibiotics (amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefditoren), in certain situations associated with a macrolide, and relegating fluoroquinolones as an alternative, except in cases where the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is suspected (AU)


Las infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior, incluyendo las exacerbaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC), son uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuentes en atención primaria y los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios, y son la causa de una elevada prescripción de antimicrobianos. La selección del tratamiento oral más adecuado con antibióticos se basa en diferentes aspectos e incluye considerar en primer lugar una etiología bacteriana y no una infección vírica, conocer los patógenos bacterianos que más frecuentemente causa estas infecciones y la frecuencia local de su resistencia antimicrobiana. Además, el tratamiento debe prescribirse rápidamente y los antibióticos deben seleccionarse entre los que tienen un modo de acción más rápido, logrando el mayor efecto en el menor tiempo y con el menor número de efectos adversos (toxicidad, interacciones, resistencia y/o impacto ecológico). Siempre que sea posible, hay que rotar y diversificar los antimicrobianos y pasar a la vía oral lo antes posible. Con estas premisas, las guías de tratamiento oral de la exacerbación leve o moderada de la EPOC y NAC en España incluyen como primera opción los antibióticos betalactámicos (amoxicilina y amoxicilina-clavulánico y cefditoreno), en determinadas situaciones asociados a un macrólido, y relegando las fluoroquinolonas como alternativa, salvo en los casos en que se sospeche la presencia de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções Respiratórias , Antibacterianos , Infecções Bacterianas , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Pneumonia
3.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 44(3): 385-396, Dic 27, 2021. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-217311

RESUMO

Background:Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the leading causes of infectious disease mortality worldwide. The aims of the study were to determine the incidence of hospitalizations due to LRTIs, and to analyze the clinical outcomes of the hospitalized patients. Methods:An observational study of hospitalizations due to LRTIs (pneumonia and acute bronchitis/bronchio-litis) in Spain from 1997 to 2018 was carried out. Data were extracted from the national information system for hospital data. Results:Overall, 3.5 % (IQR: 3.4-3.5 %) of total hospitalizations were caused by LRTIs, with a median incidence of 31.2 (IQR: 27.8-33.0) per 10,000 inhabitants/year. The median incidence was higher for pneumonia than for acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis cases (22.2; IQR: 19.1-23.5 vs. 9.0; IQR: 8.4-9.6 per 10,000 inhabitants/year; p < 0.001) and increased by 65.7 % from 1997 to 2018. A 41.2 % of the hospitalizations due to LRTIs took place amongst people over 74 years. The median length of stay was 8.9 days (IQR: 7.6-10.4) and was higher for hospitalizations due to pneumonia than for acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis (9.5 days; IQR: 8.3-10.6 vs. 5.7; IQR: 5.5-6.2; p < 0,001). In 89.1 % of total hospitalizations due to LRTIs, patients were discharged home. In-hospital mortality was 6.8 %, with 9,380 deaths (IQR: 8,192-10,157) per year. Mortality was higher for pneumonia (9.0 vs. 1.7 %; p < 0.001) and doubled from 1997 to 2018 (5,257 deaths in 1997 and 10,514 in 2018). A 75.5 % of the deaths occurred amongst people over 74 years.Conclusions:LRTIs are associated with a high morbi-mortality in Spain. Effective measures that can contribute towards the prevention and treatment of LRTIs need to be adopted.(AU)


Fundamento: Las infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior (ITRI) constituyen una de las principales causas de mortalidad por enfermedades infecciosas a nivel mundial. Los objetivos del estudio consistieron en determinar la incidencia de hospitalizaciones por ITRI, y en analizar los resultados clínicos de los pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional de las hospitalizaciones por ITRI (neumonía y bronquitis/bronquiolitis aguda) en España entre 1997-2018. Los datos se extrajeron del Registro Español de Atención Sanitaria Especializada. Resultados: El 3,5% (RIC: 3,4-3,5%) del total de hospitalizaciones se debieron a ITRI, con una incidencia mediana de 31,2 (RIC: 27,8-33,0) por cada 10.000 habitantes/año. La mediana de incidencia fue superior para las neumonías que para las bronquitis/bronquiolitis agudas (22,2; RIC: 19,1-23,5 vs. 9,0; RIC: 8,4-9,6 por 10.000 habitantes/año; p<0,001), y entre 1997-2018 aumentó un 65,7%. Un 41,2% de las hospitalizaciones por ITRI ocurrieron en mayores de 74 años. La mediana de duración de las hospitalizaciones por ITRI fue 8,9 días (RIC: 7,6-10,4), superior para neumonías (9,5 días; RIC: 8,3-10,6 vs. 5,7; RIC: 5,5-6,2; p<0,001). En un 89,1% de las hospitalizaciones por ITRI los pacientes fueron dados de alta a domicilio. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue 6,8%, con 9.380 fallecimientos anuales (RIC: 8,192-10,157). La mortalidad fue superior para neumonías (9,0 vs. 1,7%; p<0,001) y se duplicó entre 1997 y 2018 (5.257 fallecimientos en 1997 y 10.514 en 2018). El 75,5% de las muertes ocurrieron en mayores de 74 años. Conclusiones: Las ITRI se asocian a una elevada morbimortalidad. Se requieren medidas efectivas para su prevención y tratamiento.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/mortalidade , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Incidência , Hospitalização , Pneumonia , Bronquite , Bronquiolite , Espanha , Doenças Transmissíveis
4.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 53(1): e21012, Marzo 12, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356815

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La infección por virus respiratorios es la causa más frecuente de consulta médica en el mundo. Puede asociarse con manifestaciones clínicas diversas, desde cuadros menores y auto limitados de la vía aérea superior hasta formas graves que comprometen la vía aérea inferior como la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infección por virus respiratorios en dos instituciones de Boyacá 2016-2017. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron las muestras de pacientes que fueron enviadas por dos unidades primarias generadoras de datos al programa de vigilancia centinela de virus respiratorios del departamento de Boyacá. Se realizó tamizaje por inmunofluorescencia indirecta para la detección de virus de influenza A y B, parainfluenza 1, 2 y 3, adenovirus, virus sincitial respiratorio y metapneumovirus. Resultados: Se incluyeron 614 muestras. La positividad para virus fue 22,8 %. Los virus respiratorios más identificados fueron virus sincitial respiratorio 66,0 %, seguido por influenza 8,7 %, metaneumovirus 8,6 %, adenovirus 8,6 % y parainfluenza 8,1 %. Se presentó co-infección por dos virus en 7,7 % de las muestras. De los pacientes positivos, el 50,7 % correspondieron al sexo femenino y el 83,5 % eran menores de cinco años. Los datos clínicos más frecuentes fueron tos 89,2 %, fiebre 87,8 %, rinorrea 58,5 % y odinofagia 56,4 %. Conclusiones: La vigilancia desarrollada por el Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Boyacá contribuye al conocimiento de la circulación de agentes virales y es importante para iniciar las medidas de prevención, control y mitigación para disminuir el impacto de la infección respiratoria aguda en el departamento.


Abstract Introduction: Respiratory viral infection is the most frequent cause of medical appointment in the world. It can be associated with various clinical manifestations, from minor and self-limited upper airway cases to severe forms that compromise the lower airway such as community acquired pneumonia. Objective: Determine the prevalence of respiratory virus infection in the state of Boyacá 2016-2017. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included samples of patients that were sent by two primary data generating units to the sentinel surveillance program for respiratory viruses in the department of Boyacá. Indirect immunofluorescence screening was performed for the detection of influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus. Results: 614 samples were included. Virus positivity was 22.8%. The most identified respiratory viruses were respiratory syncytial virus 66.0%, followed by influenza 8.7%, metapneumovirus 8.6%, adenovirus 8.6% and parainfluenza 8.1%. There was co-infection by two viruses in 7.7% of the samples. Of the positive patients, 50.7% were female and 83.5% were under five years of age. The most frequent clinical data were cough with 89.2%, fever 87.8%, runny nose 58.5% and odynophagia with 56.4%. Conclusions: The surveillance developed by the Public Health Laboratory of Boyacá contributes to the knowledge of the circulation of viral agents and is important to initiate prevention, control and mitigation measures to reduce the impact of acute respiratory infection in the state.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios , Infecções Respiratórias , Prevalência , Influenza Humana
5.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 53(1): e321, Marzo 12, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365451

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La infección por virus respiratorios es la causa más frecuente de consulta médica en el mundo. Puede asociarse con manifestaciones clínicas diversas, desde cuadros menores y auto limitados de la vía aérea superior hasta formas graves que comprometen la vía aérea inferior como la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infección por virus respiratorios en dos instituciones de Boyacá 2016-2017. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron las muestras de pacientes que fueron enviadas por dos unidades primarias generadoras de datos al programa de vigilancia centinela de virus respiratorios del departamento de Boyacá. Se realizó tamizaje por inmunofluorescencia indirecta para la detección de virus de influenza A y B, parainfluenza 1, 2 y 3, adenovirus, virus sincitial respiratorio y metapneumovirus. Resultados: Se incluyeron 614 muestras. La positividad para virus fue 22,8 %. Los virus respiratorios más identificados fueron virus sincitial respiratorio 66,0 %, seguido por influenza 8,7 %, metaneumovirus 8,6 %, adenovirus 8,6 % y parainfluenza 8,1 %. Se presentó co-infección por dos virus en 7,7 % de las muestras. De los pacientes positivos, el 50,7 % correspondieron al sexo femenino y el 83,5 % eran menores de cinco años. Los datos clínicos más frecuentes fueron tos 89,2 %, fiebre 87,8 %, rinorrea 58,5 % y odinofagia 56,4 %. Conclusiones: La vigilancia desarrollada por el Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Boyacá contribuye al conocimiento de la circulación de agentes virales y es importante para iniciar las medidas de prevención, control y mitigación para disminuir el impacto de la infección respiratoria aguda en el departamento.


Abstract Introduction: Respiratory viral infection is the most frequent cause of medical appointment in the world. It can be associated with various clinical manifestations, from minor and self-limited upper airway cases to severe forms that compromise the lower airway such as community acquired pneumonia. Objective: Determine the prevalence of respiratory virus infection in the state of Boyacá 2016-2017. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included samples of patients that were sent by two primary data generating units to the sentinel surveillance program for respiratory viruses in the department of Boyacá. Indirect immunofluorescence screening was performed for the detection of influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus. Results: 614 samples were included. Virus positivity was 22.8%. The most identified respiratory viruses were respiratory syncytial virus 66.0%, followed by influenza 8.7%, metapneumovirus 8.6%, adenovirus 8.6% and parainfluenza 8.1%. There was co-infection by two viruses in 7.7% of the samples. Of the positive patients, 50.7% were female and 83.5% were under five years of age. The most frequent clinical data were cough with 89.2%, fever 87.8%, runny nose 58.5% and odynophagia with 56.4%. Conclusions: The surveillance developed by the Public Health Laboratory of Boyacá contributes to the knowledge of the circulation of viral agents and is important to initiate prevention, control and mitigation measures to reduce the impact of acute respiratory infection in the state.


Assuntos
Infecções Respiratórias , Vírus , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios , Prevalência , Colômbia , Influenza Humana
6.
Medisur ; 19(1): 42-53, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1180829

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento: la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad constituye un importante problema de salud en muchos países, incluyendo Cuba. Objetivo: determinar los principales factores relacionados con la letalidad, en pacientes con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad hospitalizados. Métodos: estudio de serie de casos, con diseño descriptivo-correlacional, con carácter prospectivo; fueron estudiados 521 pacientes con neumonía hospitalizados entre el primero de abril de 2016 y el 31 de marzo de 2018. La información fue obtenida de los expedientes clínicos, agrupada en cuatro categorías de variables: relativas a condiciones del paciente, al proceso patológico, analíticas y relativas a la intervención terapéutica. En el análisis estadístico fue utilizado el odds ratio (OR) y su intervalo de confianza. Resultados: la letalidad más elevada fue observada en los de 75 años y más (40 %); en los pacientes previamente encamados (47 % vs 22 %), en los casos con enfermedades crónicas presentes (31 % vs 18 %), y en los que tenían antecedentes de cardioesclerosis (35 % vs 24 %) y demencia (50 % vs 26 %). También mostraron asociación con la letalidad la gravedad de la afección al momento del ingreso, la extensión de las lesiones en la radiografía de tórax más allá de los límites de un lóbulo, y el encamamiento durante el ingreso. Conclusiones: se ratifica la importancia de un grupo de factores relacionados con las condiciones del paciente, el proceso morboso en sí, con los exámenes complementarios y la intervención terapéutica, en la evolución final del paciente con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad.


ABSTRACT Foundation: acquired pneumonia is an important health problem in many countries including Cuba. Objective: to determine the main factors related to lethality, in admitted patients with pneumonia acquired in the community. Method: prospective study of case series, with correlational descriptive design; a number of 521 admitted patients were studied between April the 1st 2016 and March 31st 2018. The information was obtained from clinical records, grouped in four variable categories: those related to patient´s conditions, to pathological process, analytic and therapeutic intervention. For the statistical analysis it was used odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval. Results: lethality was higher in patients older than 75 years (40 %); in patients previously laid in bed (47 % vs 22 %), in cases with chronic diseases (31 % vs 18 %), and those with history of cardio-sclerosis (35 % vs 24 %) and dementia (50 % vs 26 %). In addition, there was an association between lethality and severity of the disease on admission, extension of the lesions on thoracic x-ray over a lobule limit and lying in bed during admission. Conclusion: the importance of factors related to the patient´s conditions is confirmed, the morbid process itself with lab tests and therapeutic intervention, in the final evolution of the patient with community acquired pneumonia.

7.
Gac Med Mex ; 156(3): 208-216, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32539016

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: As of March 23, 2020, suspension of non-essential activities was declared in Mexico throughout the country in order to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To analyze data on the first 1,510 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico, and to describe the geographical distribution of the disease and its transmission dynamics. METHOD: Description of the first COVID-19 cases with real-time RT-PCR-positive test, as well as evaluation of epidemiological measures, cumulative incidence, rate of transmission, and mortality and lethality rates during the first month of the epidemic. RESULTS: Average age was 43 years, and 58 % were males; 44 % of initial cases were imported. Lethality in the population during the first month went from 1.08 to 3.97 per 100 cases; however, the trend is linear and similar to that observed in Europe. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico, social distancing is being applied, but studies are still required on the dynamics of the epidemic, person-to-person transmission, incidence of subclinical infections, and patient survival.


INTRODUCCIÓN: A partir del 23 de marzo de 2020, en México se declaró la suspensión de actividades no esenciales en todo el país para mitigar la diseminación de la pandemia de COVID-19. OBJETIVO: Analizar los datos sobre los primeros 1510 casos de COVID-19 confirmados por laboratorio en México, describir la distribución geográfica de la enfermedad y su dinámica de transmisión. MÉTODO: Descripción de los primeros casos de COVID-19 con prueba positiva de RT-PCR en tiempo real, así como evaluación de las medidas epidemiológicas, incidencia acumulada, razón de contagios y tasas de mortalidad y letalidad durante el primer mes de la epidemia. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 43 años y 58 % fue del sexo masculino; 44 % de los casos iniciales fue importado. La letalidad en la población durante el primer mes pasó de 1.08 a 3.97 por 100 casos; sin embargo, la tendencia es lineal y similar a la observada en Europa. CONCLUSIONES: En México se está aplicando el distanciamiento social, pero aún se requieren estudios sobre la dinámica de la epidemia, la transmisión de persona a persona, la incidencia de infecciones subclínicas y la supervivencia de los enfermos.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Isolamento Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19 , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Sobrevida , Adulto Jovem
8.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 77(3): 142-145, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32496473

RESUMO

Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections, like influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome pose a global threat. Antiviral drugs and vaccination may be insufficient to prevent their spread. Therefore, a Cochrane systematic review evaluated effectiveness of physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.


Las epidemias virales o pandemias de infecciones respiratorias agudas, como la gripe o el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, representan una amenaza mundial. Los medicamentos antivirales y las vacunas pueden ser insuficientes para prevenir su propagación. Por lo anterior, una revisión sistemática Cochrane evaluó la eficacia de las intervenciones físicas para interrumpir o reducir la propagación de virus respiratorios.


Assuntos
Influenza Humana , Infecções Respiratórias , Vírus , Antivirais/farmacologia , Humanos , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle
9.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 77(3): 142-145, may.-jun. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124281

RESUMO

Resumen Las epidemias virales o pandemias de infecciones respiratorias agudas, como la gripe o el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, representan una amenaza mundial. Los medicamentos antivirales y las vacunas pueden ser insuficientes para prevenir su propagación. Por lo anterior, una revisión sistemática Cochrane evaluó la eficacia de las intervenciones físicas para interrumpir o reducir la propagación de virus respiratorios.


Abstract Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections, like influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome pose a global threat. Antiviral drugs and vaccination may be insufficient to prevent their spread. Therefore, a Cochrane systematic review evaluated effectiveness of physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções Respiratórias , Vírus , Influenza Humana , Antivirais/farmacologia , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Pandemias
10.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(3): 209-217, may.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249896

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: A partir del 23 de marzo de 2020, en México se declaró la suspensión de actividades no esenciales en todo el país para mitigar la diseminación de la pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo: Analizar los datos sobre los primeros 1510 casos de COVID-19 confirmados por laboratorio en México, describir la distribución geográfica de la enfermedad y su dinámica de transmisión. Método: Descripción de los primeros casos de COVID-19 con prueba positiva de RT-PCR en tiempo real, así como evaluación de las medidas epidemiológicas, incidencia acumulada, razón de contagios y tasas de mortalidad y letalidad durante el primer mes de la epidemia. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 43 años y 58 % fue del sexo masculino; 44 % de los casos iniciales fue importado. La letalidad en la población durante el primer mes pasó de 1.08 a 3.97 por 100 casos; sin embargo, la tendencia es lineal y similar a la observada en Europa. Conclusiones: En México se está aplicando el distanciamiento social, pero aún se requieren estudios sobre la dinámica de la epidemia, la transmisión de persona a persona, la incidencia de infecciones subclínicas y la supervivencia de los enfermos.


Abstract Introduction As of March 23, 2020, suspension of non-essential activities was declared in Mexico throughout the country in order to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To analyze data on the first 1510 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico, and to describe the geographical distribution of the disease and its transmission dynamics. Method: Description of the first COVID-19 cases with real-time RT-PCR-positive test, as well as evaluation of epidemiological measures, cumulative incidence, rate of transmission, and mortality and lethality rates during the 1st month of the epidemic. Results: Average age was 43 years, and 58% were males; 44% of initial cases were imported. Lethality in the population during the 1st month went from 1.08 to 3.97 per 100 cases; however, the trend is linear and similar to that observed in Europe. Conclusions: In Mexico, social distancing is being applied, but studies are still required on the dynamics of the epidemic, person-to-person transmission, incidence of subclinical infections, and patient survival.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Isolamento Social , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Sobrevida , Incidência , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , COVID-19 , México/epidemiologia
11.
Colomb. med ; 50(3): 215-221, July-Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098197

RESUMO

Abstract Case Description: A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of cough, sputum, fever and fatigue. The patient has been receiving immunosuppressive therapy for thrombocytopenic purpura for 5 years. Clinical Finding: Inspiratory crackles were heard on both hemithorax. Oxygen saturation measured with the pulse oximeter was 97%. Chest X-ray showed diffuse reticular opacities that were more prominent in the upper zones of both lungs. WBC counts were 17,600 mm3 and Platelet counts were 29,000 mm3. Thorax CT showed that there were many thin-walled cavities and millimetric nodules accompanied by ground-glass infiltrates in the upper and middle lobes. Gram staining of bronchial fluid, taken by bronchoscopy, revealed Gram-negative bacilli and intense polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The bacteria were defined as Delftia acidovorans by BD Phoenix automated system. Treatment and outcomes: The patient was hospitalized with suspicion of opportunistic pulmonary infections and cavitary lung disease. After the empirical treatment of intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam and oral clarithromycin, her clinical and radiological findings significantly regressed, and she was discharged with outpatient follow-up. Clinical Relevance: This is the first example of cavitary pneumonia due to Delftia acidovorans in an immunocompromised patient. We would like to emphasize that Delftia pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary cavitary involvement in such patients.


Resumen Descripción del caso: Una mujer de 52 años llegó a la clínica con tos, esputo, fiebre y fatiga. El paciente estuvo recibiendo terapia inmunosupresora durante 5 años para el tratamiento de la púrpura trombocitopénica. Hallazgo clínico: se escucharon crepitaciones inspiratorias en ambos hemitórax. La saturación de oxígeno fue del 97%. La radiografía de tórax mostró opacidades reticulares difusas que eran más prominentes en las zonas superiores de ambos pulmones. Los recuentos de leucocitos fueron de 17,600 mm3 y los recuentos de plaquetas fueron de 29,000 mm3. La TC de tórax mostró muchas cavidades de pared delgada y nódulos milimétricos acompañados de infiltrados vitrales en los lóbulos superior y medio. La tinción de Gram del líquido bronquial reveló bacilos gramnegativos y leucocitos polimorfonucleares. Las bacterias fueron identificadas como Delftia acidovorans. Tratamiento y resultados: La paciente fue hospitalizado con una sospecha de infección oportunista pulmonar y enfermedad pulmonar cavitaria. Después del tratamiento empírico de piperacilina-tazobactam intravenosa y claritromicina oral, los síntomas y signos retrocedieron significativamente, y fue dada de alta con seguimiento ambulatorio. Relevancia clínica: este es el primer registro de neumonía cavitaria causado por Delftia acidovorans en una paciente inmunocomprometida. Enfatizamos que la neumonía por Delftia debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de la afectación de la cavidad pulmonar en tales pacientes.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Delftia acidovorans/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação Piperacilina e Tazobactam/administração & dosagem , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem
12.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29891397

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Children up to 2 years old are at high risk of respiratory infections and nasal irrigation is often prescribed. Yet, to date there is no sufficient knowledge about its immediate effects on the nasopharynx and middle ear. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of a rhino-pharyngeal clearance intervention protocol on nasal obstruction and middle ear condition in children under 3 years of age with URTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized controlled trial in a day-care centre of Porto, including 44 children randomized to Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG). Nasal auscultation and tympanometry were performed at baseline (M0) as well as after the intervention (M1), which consisted of nasal irrigation (NaCl .9%) followed by a forced nasal inspiration in the IG, and after 30min of normal activities, in the CG. RESULTS: In M1 there was a lower frequency of children classified as having an obstructed nasal sound in the IG when compared to the CG (IG=33.3%; CG=68.4%; p=0.042). We also observed an improvement of mean peak pressure (PP) in the IG (Left ear: M0=-124daPa; M1=-92daPa; p=0.022. Right ear: M0=-102daPa; M1=-77daPa; p=0.021), which was not observed in the CG (Left ear: M0=-105daPa; M1=-115daPa; p=0.485. Right ear: M0=-105daPa; M1=-131daPa; p=0.105). There were no significant results concerning the compliance of the tympanic membrane. CONCLUSIONS: The rhino-pharyngeal clearance improved the nasal obstruction and PP of the middle ear of children under 3 years of age with URTI.


Assuntos
Lavagem Nasal/métodos , Obstrução Nasal/terapia , Otite Média/terapia , Testes de Impedância Acústica , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Lavagem Nasal/instrumentação , Obstrução Nasal/etiologia , Otite Média/diagnóstico , Otite Média/etiologia , Projetos Piloto , Infecções Respiratórias/complicações , Solução Salina/administração & dosagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento
13.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 33(4): 293-302, dic. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042618

RESUMO

Desde el descubrimiento del virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS) en 1956, se ha demostrado en todo el mundo su impacto como el principal causante de infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRAB) que requieren hospitalización en el lactante. Posteriormente se ha descrito que una inadecuada respuesta inmune favorece reinfecciones en la infancia. Más recientemente, numerosos trabajos epidemiológicos lo han asociado a IRAB en adultos, especialmente de tercera edad y en ciertos pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de la estructura y función de los diferentes componentes del VRS, lo que ha permitido facilitar su diagnóstico y avanzar en estrategias de desarrollo de antivirales y vacunas. En efecto, el diagnóstico de laboratorio de VRS es muy simple en niños, por su alta excreción viral, pero para demostrar su participación en adultos se requieren técnicas de alta sensibilidad. La patogenia de la infección es muy compleja y muchos aspectos todavía no se han aclarado. Intervienen factores dependientes del virus -cepa, dosis infectiva, capacidad del virus de inhibir la respuesta inmune- y del hospedero humano, como edad, enfermedades concomitantes, integridad del aparato inmune y otros. Se menciona que otros factores como frío, humedad ambiental, contaminación aérea, hacinamiento, también actuarían en combinación con los inicialmente mencionados. Es necesario conocer los mecanismos responsables de la adquisición de inmunidad contra el VRS para entender las estrategias usadas en el intento de desarrollar vacunas, cuyos esfuerzos son todavía infructuosos. Actualmente se conoce bastante del VRS como patógeno de niños. Sin embargo, cada día se documenta más su participación en enfermedades de adultos, por lo que haremos un resumen para promover su consideración como posible patógeno respiratorio.


Since respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified in 1956, its impact as the main cause of severe acute lower respiratory infections in infants has been shown. Studies about RSV immunopathogenesis have demonstrated that the host immune response is important in protecting from re-infections. The presence of RSV in exacerbation of chronic diseases as COPD and bronchial asthma in adults and its severity in cases with immunodeficiency has been also related to an inadequate response. The actual knowledge on the molecular structure and functions of the virus has allowed to improve diagnosis and to develop new strategies for vaccines and antiviral drugs. The etiologic diagnosis in children is easier than in adults due to the higher viral shedding; therefore techniques based on antibody reactions (immunofluorescence, immunocromatography, etc) are good enough in this group. By contrast, in adults, highly sensitive molecular techniques are needed. Although the advances in understanding the pathogenesis process in neonates and infants, many pathogenic factors still need to be elucidated. The virus strains, viral loads and immune response have been described as important players; however, the changes on the host immunity to RSV according to age and co-morbidities associated to severity of illness needs to be explored. RSV has been known as a children pathogen, nowadays this agent is being recognized as an important agent in adults, especially in those with chronic diseases, immunodeficiency and in immune-senescence.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adulto , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/patogenicidade , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/virologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/imunologia , Vacinas Virais , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/diagnóstico , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/terapia
14.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 32(3): 169-177, set. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-844379

RESUMO

Bronchiectasis, so far considered an orphan disease, currently is diagnosed with a higher frequency due to several reasons such as renewed awareness of the disease, better diagnosis including imagenology, the development of patients registries, as well as a higher number of clinical research studies. The pathological basis of bronchiectasis is widely variable. Also the clinical expression is variable, from absence of symptoms in some patients up to chronic sputum production in others. Furthermore, a group of patients often develop recurrent exacerbations. Despite the etiologies of bronchiectasis are diverse, the main etiology is previous pulmonary infection. On the other hand, bronchiectasis could also be the expression of diverse systemic diseases. Even around one quarter of patients the etiology would not be established. The development of large registries of patients has allowed the building of classifications systems with accurate prognostic criteria. Chronic infection is the most relevant issue in bronchiectasis. Infection with P. aeruginosa has been associated with poor prognosis and their eradication must be attempted always. Effective secretions drainage techniques, oral and nebulized antibiotics, as well as mucolytic therapy are the mainstay of treatment in bronchiectasis.


Las bronquiectasias, consideradas hasta un tiempo atrás una enfermedad huérfana, se diagnostican actualmente con mayor frecuencia debido a un renovado interés en esta patología, a una mejoría de técnicas de diagnóstico, existencia de mejores registros, acceso a mejores imágenes y aumento de los estudios clínicos. El sustrato anátomo-patológico es notablemente variable, al igual que la expresión clínica, que va desde la ausencia de síntomas hasta la presencia de broncorrea crónica. A su vez, un grupo de pacientes tiende a presentar exacerbaciones frecuentes. Las etiologías de las bronquiectasias son múltiples, siendo la más frecuente la existencia de infecciones pulmonares previas. También pueden formar parte de enfermedades crónicas sistémicas. Sin embargo, en 25% de los casos no es posible identificar la etiología. El desarrollo de registros de pacientes ha permitido construir modelos de clasificación de gravedad, lo que hace posible establecer criterios pronósticos. La infección crónica es un hecho frecuente en bronquiectasias y la presencia de P aeruginosa confiere mal pronóstico a la enfermedad. La erradicación de Pseudomonas debe ser intentada siempre en estos pacientes. El uso de técnicas de drenaje, los antibióticos orales y nebulizados y las terapias mucolíticas constituyen los pilares centrales en el manejo de la enfermedad.


Assuntos
Humanos , Bronquiectasia/diagnóstico , Bronquiectasia/etiologia , Bronquiectasia/terapia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bronquiectasia/microbiologia , Bronquiectasia/patologia , Transplante de Pulmão , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
15.
Ciudad de México; Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica en Salud; 12/12/2015. 43 p. tab.(Guías de Práctica Clínica de Enfermería). (SS-785-15).
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1037658

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS), son la primera causa de muerte debido a infecciones adquiridas en el hospital. Dentro de las IAAS más frecuentes se encuentra la Neumonía Asociada al Ventilador (NAV), complicación pulmonar que se desarrolla después de 48 a 72 horas de la intubación endotraqueal. Esta guía pone a disposición las recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible con la intención de estandarizar las acciones y disminuir la incidencia y mortalidad de la NAV. METODOLOGIA: Con la nemotecnia PICO se establecieron preguntas clínicas estructuradas, búsqueda y revisión sistemática de la literatura en base de datos PubMed, BVS, TripDatabase recuperando guías internacionales, meta análisis, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios observacionales publicados que respondieron a las preguntas planteadas, la discriminación de fuentes se realizó con plantillas CASPe y para las guías con las escalas GRADE. Se realizó lectura crítica y análisis de documentos, finalmente se obtienen evidencias y redactan recomendaciones y se gradan con las escalas de Shekelle y GRADE.RESULTADOS: Para la integración de evidencias y recomendaciones se utilizaron 3 guías, 5 meta-análisis, 9 revisiones sistemáticas ,1 estudios de cohorte ,3 estudios de casos y controles, 1 estudio descriptivo no experimental y 6 fuentes seleccionadas. CONCLUSIONES: La utilización de la evidencia científica permite la estandarización del cuidado para la prevención de NAV


INTRODUCTION: Infections Associated with Health Care (IAAS), they are the leading cause of death from hospital-acquired infections. Among the most frequent IAAS is Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), pulmonary complication that develops after 48 to 72 hours of endotracheal intubation. This guide provides recommendations based on the best available evidence with intent to standardize the actions and reduce the incidence and mortality of VAP.METHODOLOGY: With the PICO mnemonic questions structured clinical, research and systematic review of the literature database PubMed, BVS data were established, Tripdatabase recovering international guidelines, meta-analyzes, randomized trials and published observational studies that responded to questions raised, the discrimination sources was carried out with templates and guides CASPe with GRADE scales. critical reading and document analysis was performed finally obtained evidence and draft recommendations and degrade with scales and GRADE Shekelle. RESULTS: For the integration of evidence and recommendations 3 guides, 5 meta-analyzes, systematic reviews 9 1 cohort, 3 case-control studies, 1 non-experimental descriptive study and 6 selected sources they were used. CONCLUSIONS: The use of scientific evidence allows for standardization of care for the prevention of VAP


INTRODUÇÃO: infecções associadas a cuidados de saúde (IAAS), eles são a principal causa de morte por infecções hospitalares. Entre os IAAS mais frequente é a pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAV), complicação pulmonar que se desenvolve após 48 a 72 horas de entubação endotraqueal. Este guia fornece recomendações baseadas na melhor evidência disponível com a intenção de padronizar as ações e reduzir a incidência e mortalidade da PAV.METODOLOGIA: com o Pico perguntas mnemônicos estruturado clínica, pesquisa e revisão sistemática da base de dados da literatura de dados PubMed, BVS foram estabelecidos, Tripdatabase recuperando diretrizes internacionais, meta-análises, estudos randomizados e estudos observacionais publicados que responderam às questões levantadas, o fontes de discriminação foi realizada com modelos e orienta Caspe com escalas grau. análise de leitura e documento crítico foi realizado finalmente obtidos recomendações evidências e projectos e degradar com escalas e GRADE Shekelle. RESULTADOS: Para a integração de dados e recomendações 3 guias, 5 meta-análises, revisões sistemáticas 9 1 de coorte, 3 estudos de caso-controle, um estudo descritivo, não-experimental e 6 fontes selecionadas foram usados. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de evidências científicas permite a padronização dos cuidados para a prevenção de PAV


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica , Infecções/enfermagem , Sistema Respiratório
16.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 82(4): 242-6, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25066594

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Viral respiratory infections cause major morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. We have performed a prospective study in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to determine the incidence of respiratory infections, their impact and the epidemiology and outcome in high risk neonates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From September 2011 to May 2013 a prospective study was conducted in all preterm infants < 32 weeks gestational age and in all term newborns admitted to NICU for any pathology that are anticipated to have an income exceeding two weeks. A nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was collected the first day of life and weekly until discharge for virologic study with polymerase chain reaction. When these babies presented respiratory symptoms a new NPA was collected in this moment. A clinical form was filled by the physician. RESULTS: A total of 60 infants were analyzed: 30 (50%) had a gestational age < 32 weeks and 36 (60%) weighing less than 1500 grams. We collected a total of 256 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples, 24 of them being positive (9.3%). These 24 positive samples corresponded to 13 infants in our cohort (21.6% of the patients). Of them, 9 were symptomatic and had 11 episodes of infection (2 patients had two different episodes with negative control between them). The most frequently identified virus was rhinovirus in (19) 79% of cases. The most frequent clinical data was the presence or increased of apneas (75%) and the needed of oxygenotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: HRV infections are prevalent in the NICU, and preterm infants have a high risk of infections with clinical relevance.


Assuntos
Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Viroses , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Viroses/diagnóstico , Viroses/epidemiologia
17.
Aten Primaria ; 46(9): 492-500, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24768657

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of two types of intervention in reducing antibiotic prescribing in respiratory tract infections (RTI). DESIGN: Before-after audit-based study. SETTING: Primary Care centres in Spain. PARTICIPANTS: General practitioners (GPs) registered all patients with RTIs for 15 days in winter 2008 (pre-intervention), and again in winter 2009 (post-intervention). INTERVENTIONS: Intervention activities included meetings, with the presentation and discussion of the results, and several training meetings on RTI guidelines, information brochures for patients, workshops on point-of-care tests - rapid antigen detection tests and C-reactive protein rapid test - and provision of these tests in the clinic. All GPs, with the exception of those in Catalonia, made up the full intervention group (FIG); conversely, Catalan doctors underwent the same intervention, except for the workshop on rapid tests (partial intervention group, PIG). Multilevel logistic regression was performed taking the prescription of antibiotics as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Out of a total of 309 GPs involved in the first register, 281 completed the intervention and the second register (90.9%), of which 210 were assigned to the FIG, and 71 to the PIG. The odds ratio of antibiotic prescribing after the intervention was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.89-1.10) among GPs assigned to PIG, and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.44-0.57, p<0.001) among those who were allocated to FIG. The reduction in antibiotic prescribing in FIG was more marked in flu infection, common cold, acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, and acute bronchitis. CONCLUSIONS: Active participation of GPs with the performance of point-of-care tests in the clinic is accompanied by a drastic reduction of antibiotic use in RTIs, primarily in infections considered as mainly viral.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/normas , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Controlados Antes e Depois , Humanos , Auditoria Médica , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Espanha
18.
Trop Med Int Health ; 19(7): 761-8, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24750565

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To obtain information on prescribing rates and choice of antibiotics for acute, uncomplicated respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in the community. METHODS: Antibiotic use in acute, uncomplicated RTIs consisting of common cold/sore throat/cough for not more than five days was surveyed in the community (December 2007-November 2008) using patient exit interviews at public and private facilities from four localities in New Delhi. Data were collected from 10 public sector facilities and 20 private clinics over one year. The percentage of acute, uncomplicated RTIs patients receiving antibiotics in general and using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification and the Defined Daily Dose (ATS/DDD) were analysed. RESULTS: At public and private facilities, 45% (746/1646) and 57% (259/457) of acute, uncomplicated RTI patients were prescribed at least one antibiotic, respectively. The main antibiotic class calculated as percentage of total antibiotics DDDs/1000 prescribed to acute, uncomplicated RTI patients at private clinics was cephalosporins, J01DA (39%), followed by fluoroquinolones, J01MA (24%), penicillins, J01C (19%) and macrolides, J01FA (15%). Newer members from each class were prescribed; older antibiotics such as co-trimoxazole or tetracyclines were rarely prescribed. At public facilities, the main class of antibiotic prescribed was penicillins (31%), followed by macrolides (25%), fluoroquinolones (20%) and cephalosporins (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Study clearly shows overuse and inappropriate choice of antibiotics for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated RTIs which are mainly due to virus and do not require antibiotic treatment. Results of the study warrant interventional strategies to promote rational use of antibiotics to decrease the overgrowing threat of antibiotic resistance.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Antibacterianos/classificação , Criança , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos/tendências , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Índia , Setor Privado/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor Público/estatística & dados numéricos
19.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 50(11): 493-5, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24568756

RESUMO

Rothia mucilaginosa is a gram-postive coccus that occurs as part of the normal flora of the oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. Lower respiratory tract infections caused by this organism are rare and usually occur in immunocompromised patients. This is the case of an immunocompetent 47-year-old woman with right upper lobe pneumonia in which R.mucilaginosa was isolated in sputum and bronchial aspirate. Infections caused by this agent in the last four years in our hospital were reviewed. The most common predisposing factor was COPD with bronchiectasis. R.mucilaginosa was identified as the causative agent for pneumonia in only two cases, of which one was our case and the other was a patient with lung cancer.


Assuntos
Micrococcaceae/isolamento & purificação , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bronquiectasia/complicações , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Micrococcaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Micrococcaceae/patogenicidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/imunologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz
20.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 28(4): 301-309, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-700532

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Las infecciones respiratorias bajas nosocomiales son, en cuanto a frecuencia, costos e impacto en la salud, las de mayor importancia en los servicios médicos generales y quirúrgicos. Se han identificado factores protectores o de riesgo; otros han sido asociados, ya que se hallan presentes más a menudoentre los afectados, como en el caso de la nutrición por gastrostomía. Objetivo: Determinar la asociaciónentre la nutrición por gastrostomía y el desarrollo de infecciones respiratorias bajas en pacientes adultos sin ventilación mecánica, y modelar el riesgo de dichas infecciones en función del tiempo. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva, con seguimiento intrahospitalario y domiciliario de 90 días a pacientes con nutriciónpor gastrostomía y pacientes no expuestos a dicho soporte nutricional hasta la presencia de infeccionesrespiratorias bajas o censura. Análisis estadístico mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier y el modelo de riesgosproporcionales de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyó en el estudio a 128 sujetos (64 en cada cohorte). El 62,5% delos expuestos y el 32,8% de los no expuestos presentaron durante el seguimiento infecciones respiratoriasbajas (p = 0,0008). La nutrición por gastrostomía aumentó al 180% el riesgo de desarrollar infecciones respiratorias bajas (HR: 2,8; IC 95%: 1,64-4,77; p = 0,0001), en comparación con los no expuestos, asociación que aumentó al ajustarse por variables de confusión e interacción (HR: 4,6; IC 95%: 1,95-8,42; p = 0,0000).Conclusión: La nutrición por gastrostomía representa un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de infeccionesrespiratorias bajas en adultos sin ventilación mecánica, y dicho riesgo varía en función del tiempo


Background: Nosocomial lower respiratory infections are the most frequent and expensive nosocomial infections in general medical and surgical services, and they are the ones which have the greatest impacts on patients’ health. Some risk factors and some protective factors have been clearly identifi ed while others have others have been associated since they are present in greater frequency among those affected. One of these is percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the association between PEG feeding and the development of lower respiratory tract infections in adult patients without mechanical ventilation and to model risk as a function of time. Methods: This study wasa prospective cohort study with follow-up of patients in the hospital and at home for 90 days. Gastrostomyfed patients and patients without PEG feeding were studied to determine whether lower respiratory infectionsdeveloped. The Kaplan Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards model were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: A total of 128 subjects, two cohorts of 64 patients each, were included. 62.5% of the patients with PEG feeding and 32.8% of those without PEG feeding developed lower respiratory infections duringfollow-up (p = 0.0008). PEG feeding increased the risk of developing lower respiratory infections by 180%(HR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.64 - 4.77, p=0.0001) over the risk of patients without PEG feeding. This associationincreased when adjusted for confounding variables and interaction (HR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.95 - 8.42, p=0.0000).Conclusion: PEG feeding represents a risk factor for the development of lower respiratory tract infections inadults without mechanical ventilation. This risk varies over time


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Estudos de Coortes , Gastrostomia , Infecções , Infecções Respiratórias
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